Microwave Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation Principles

Microwave and millimeter-wave non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is generally understood to mean using high-frequency electromagnetic energy to inspect and characterize materials and structures. In spite of possessing some distinct advantages in certain applications to other NDT&E techniques, microwave NDT&E has only found compared limited practical application during the past 45 years. These advantages include lack of a need for contact between the sensor and the object being inspected, the ability to penetrate dielectric materials, and superior sensitivity to certain material constituents and flaws. One factor contributing to this minimal acceptance by the NDT &E community has been a generally poor understanding in this community of the theory and practice that underlie the technology. This situation exists partly because of a paucity of microwave NDT&E textbook and reference material. Some chapters, reviews, and books aimed at filling this need have been published in the past but, for the most part, this material is based on the use of older microwave technology. However, during the past ten years great strides have been made in ternlS of the cost, size, and ease of use of microwave components. In addition, recent advances in modeling and measurement techniques have expanded the range of applications for microwave NDT&E. Such applications include inspecting modern materials such as composites, detecting and characterizing surface flaws, and evaluating the compressive strength of cement structures. These advances have created an urgent need for up-to-date textbook material on this subject.

Klappentext
This book provides a thorough and coherent understanding of the fundamentals of microwave non-destructive evaluation principles. This is achieved by starting with the basic understanding of subjects such as waves, material media, interaction of waves at high frequencies with material media, understanding the fundamentals of reflection, refraction, transmission and wave polarization. All these issues are addressed in a concise manner providing a much needed text on this subject. Each chapter has a set of problems and questions, with solutions and worked examples, thus making the book of great use to those teaching in this area. This book will also be invaluable to all those conducting research in microwave NDE, whether based in an industrial or academic environment.

Zusammenfassung
Microwave and millimeter-wave non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is generally understood to mean using high-frequency electromagnetic energy to inspect and characterize materials and structures.

Inhalt
1 Introduction.- 1.1 General remarks.- 1.2 Microwave frequency bands.- 1.3 Required prior knowledge.- 1.4 Organization of chapters.- 1.5 Acknowledgment.- References.- 2 Material characterization.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Dielectric properties.- 2.3 Carbon black loaded rubber.- 2.4 Resin binder.- 2.5 Porosity estimation in polymer composites.- 2.6 Rust dielectric properties.- 2.7 Dielectric mixing models.- 2.8 Summary.- References.- 3 Layered dielectric composite evaluation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 What may be accomplished 5.- 3.3 Field regions.- 3.4 Electromagnetic modeling of the interaction of an open-ended rectangular waveguide with multi-layered dielectric composites.- 3.5 Summary.- References.- 4 Surface crack detection.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Open-ended waveguide approach.- 4.3 Theoretical analysis for exposed cracks.- 4.4 Higher-order mode approach.- 4.5 Typical measurement results.- 4.6 Crack sizing.- 4.7 Tip location determination.- 4.8 Detection of stress-induced fatigue cracks.- 4.9 Summary.- References.- 5 Near-field measurement techniques and applications.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Measurement techniques.- 5.3 Measurement procedures.- 5.4 Near-field imaging.- 5.5 Issues associated with near-field measurements and imaging.- References.- 6 Other developments and future.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Testing and evaluation of cement based materials.- 6.3 Open-ended coaxial probes for layered composite inspection.- 6.4 Fatigue surface crack detection and evaluation in metals using open-ended coaxial probes.- 6.5 Surface inspection of rolled steel.- 6.6 Barriers and future.- References.

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