Psychoneuroimmunology

Psychoneuroimmunology, Second Edition presents reports on the relationship between the nervous and immune systems.

The book is divided into four sections. The first section details the role of neural structures and neurotransmitter signals in communication with the immune system. It documents the extensive neural connections with organs of the immune system; the dynamics of noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of spleen and thymus; and the evidence for immune signaling of the CNS. Part II elaborates the role of hormones in the modulation of immune functions; the basis for bidirectional communication between the neuroendocrine and immune systems; and the potential physiological implications of these neuroendocrine-immune system interactions. The third part addresses behavioral influences on immune response; the effects of conditioning, stress and social interactions in modulating immune responses; and the behavioral consequences of experimentally altered or genetically determined immunologic states. The final section presents the effects of psychosocial factors on immune responses and the potential impact of behavioral interventions in modulating immunity in healthy human subjects and in patients with AIDS.

Neuroscientists, endocrinologists, and immunologists will find the book interesting.

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Contributors

Preface


Part I Neurochemical Links between the Nervous and Immune Systems


Central Neural Circuits Involved in Neural-Immune Interactions


Introduction


Effects of CNS Lesions on the Immune System


CNS Responses to Immunization


Mediators of Immune-Neural Communication


Immunologic Effects on Behavior


Conclusions


References


Innervation of Lymphoid Tissue


Introduction


Bone Marrow


Thymus


Spleen


Lymph Nodes


Other Lymphoid Accumulations


Interpreting Neuroanatomical Data


Summary


References


Ontogeny and Senescence of Noradrenergic Innervation of the Rodent Thymus and Spleen


Introduction


Ontogeny of Sympathetic Neurotransmission in the Thymus


Ontogeny of Sympathetic Neurotransmission in the Spleen


Noradrenergic Innervation of the Mature and Aging Thymus


Noradrenergic Innervation of the Mature and Aging Spleen


ß-Adrenergic Receptors on Cells of the Immune System with Age


Significance of Age-Related Alterations in Noradrenergic Sympathetic Innervation of Lymphoid Organs: Possible Relationship to an Age-Related Decline in Immune Function


Summary


References


Neocortex Lateralization of Immune Function and of the Activities of Imuthiol, a T-Cell Specific Immunopotentiator


Introduction


Lateralized Influence of Neocortex on Immune Function


Immunoenhancing Effects of Imuthiol Are under Lateralized Neocortical Control


Conclusions


References


T-Lymphocyte Entry and Antigen Recognition in the Central Nervous System


Introduction


T-Lymphocyte Entry into the Central Nervous System


Antigen Presentation in the Central Nervous System


Summary


References


Interaction of the Mucosal Immune and Peripheral Nervous Systems


Introduction


Mucosal Architecture


Innervation of Immune Cells in Mucosal Sites


Nerve Growth Factor


Intersystem Communication


Possible Mucosal Neuroimmunological Pathways


Conclusions


References


Immunologic Properties of Substance P


Introduction


Substance P and Human Inflammatory Disorders


Cellular Interactions with Substance P


Substance P Receptors


Conclusions


References


Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Immune Function


Introduction


Structure and Biosynthesis


Availability and Distribution


Binding of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide to Lymphoid Cells


Opportunity of Lymphoid Cells to Bind Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide


Effects of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on Lymphoid Cells


Vasoactive Interstinal Peptide


Future Directions


References


Production and Recognition of Neuropeptides by Cells of the Immune System


Introduction


Neuroendocrine Peptides from Immunological Cells


Conversion and Degradation of Neuropeptides by Immune Cells


Neuropeptide Mediation of Immunological Reactions, Inflammation, and Tissue Repair Processes


Human Lymphocyte Receptors for Neuropeptides


Pathogenetic Roles of Neuropeptides in Immune Diseases


Summary


References


Catecholamine Action and Immunologic Reactivity


Introduction


Catecholamines and Lymphocyte Responsiveness in Vitro


Catecholamines and Lymphocyte Activity in Vivo


Discussion: Role of Catecholamines in the Regulation of Immune Reactivity


Conclusions


References


Neurotransmitters and Molecular Signaling in the Immune Response


Introduction


Role of Catecholamines in Modulating Immunity


Modulation of T-Cell Function by Stimulation of ß-Adrenergic Receptors


Molecular Neuroimmunomodulation-Consequences of Dual Receptor Signaling


Concluding Remarks


References


Part II Neuroendocrine-Immune System Interactions


Effects of Hypophysectomy on Immune Function


Introduction


The Pituitary Gland


Methods of Hypophysectomy and Pituitary Grafting


Hypophysectomy, Hemopoiesis, and Immunity


Discussion


Summary


References


Growth Hormone in Immunobiology


Introduction


A Look at the Past


Growth Hormone Deficiency


Growth Hormone, Thymic Involution, and Aging


Growth Hormone and Lymphocytes


Growth Hormone and Hemopoiesis


Growth Hormone and Phagocytic Cells


Growth Hormone in the Immune Response


A Look to the Future


References


Prolactin and Immune Function


Introduction


Physiological and Pharmacological Regulation of Prolactin Secretion


Effects of Prolactin on Immune Function


Cellular Effects of Prolactin in Immune Tissues


Questions for Future Research


Summary


References


Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides in the Modulation of Immune Function


Introduction


Induction of Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone


Influence of Proopiomelanocortin-Derived Peptides on Immune Function


Epilogue


References


Glucocorticoids and Immune Function


Introduction


Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Actions


Glucocorticoid Modulation of Mediators of Immune and Inflammatory Reactions


Glucocorticoid Effects on Mononuclear Phagocytes


References


Sex Hormones and Immune Function


Introduction


Male/Female Differences in Immunity


Effect of Sex Steroids on the Immune System


References


Role of the Pineal Neurohormone Melatonin in the Psycho-Neuroendocri…

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