Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States

The western Great Lakes region of the United States is the only portion of the lower 48 states where wolves were never completely extirpated. This region contains the areas where many of the first modern concepts of wolf conservation and research were developed, and where many early proponents of wolf conservation such as Aldo Leopold, Sigurd Olson, and Durward Allen lived and worked. The Great Lakes region also is the first place in the U. S. where "endangered" wolf populations recovered. During this recovery, we learned much about wolf biology and ecology, endangered species management, carnivore conservation, landscape ecology, depredation management, and social aspects of wildlife conservation. "Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States," traces wolf recovery from diverse perspectives ranging from ecology, management, and policy to the cultural, social, and historical significance of wolves.

Zusammenfassung
In this book, we document and evaluate the recovery of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The Great Lakes region is unique in that it was the only portion of the lower 48 states where wolves were never c- pletely extirpated. This region also contains the area where many of the first m- ern concepts of wolf conservation and research where developed. Early proponents of wolf conservation such as Aldo Leopold, Sigurd Olson, and Durward Allen lived and worked in the region. The longest ongoing research on wolfprey relations (see Vucetich and Peterson, Chap. 3) and the first use of radio telemetry for studying wolves (see Mech, Chap. 2) occurred in the Great Lakes region. The Great Lakes region is the first place in the United States where Endangered wolf populations recovered. All three states (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan) developed ecologically and socially sound wolf conservation plans, and the federal government delisted the population of wolves in these states from the United States list of endangered and threatened species on March 12, 2007 (see Refsnider, Chap. 21). Wolf management reverted to the individual states at that time. Although this delisting has since been challenged, we believe that biological recovery of wolves has occurred and anticipate the delisting will be restored. This will be the first case of wolf conservation reverting from the federal government to the state conser- tion agencies in the United States.

Inhalt
Early Wolf Research and Conservation in the Great Lakes Region.- Long-term Research on Wolves in the Superior National Forest.- Wolf and Moose Dynamics on Isle Royale.- An Overview of the Legal History and Population Status of Wolves in Minnesota.- Wolf Population Changes in Michigan.- History, Population Growth, and Management of Wolves in Wisconsin.- An Isolated Wolf Population in Central Wisconsin.- Change in Occupied Wolf Habitat in the Northern Great Lakes Region.- Growth Rate and Equilibrium Size of a Recolonizing Wolf Population in the Southern Lake Superior Region.- Prey of Wolves in the Great Lakes Region.- Factors Influencing Homesite Selection by Gray Wolves in Northwestern Wisconsin and East-Central Minnesota.- Dispersal of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region.- Are Wolf-Mediated Trophic Cascades Boosting Biodiversity in the Great Lakes Region?.- Wolves, Roads, and Highway Development.- Taxonomy, Morphology, and Genetics of Wolves in the Great Lakes Region.- Human Dimensions: Public Opinion Research Concerning Wolves in the Great Lakes States of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.- Ma'iingan and the Ojibwe.- WolfHuman Conflicts and Management in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.- Education and Outreach Efforts in Support of Wolf Conservation in the Great Lakes Region.- The Role of the Endangered Species Act in Midwest Wolf Recovery.- Wolf Recovery in the Great Lakes Region: What Have We Learned and Where Will We Go Now?.

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