First Islanders

Incorporating research findings over the last twenty years, First Islanders examines the human prehistory of Island Southeast Asia. This fascinating story is explored from a broad swathe of multidisciplinary perspectives and pays close attention to migration in the period dating from 1.5 million years ago to the development of Indic kingdoms late in the first millennium CE.

Autorentext
Peter Bellwood is an Emeritus Professor at the Australian National University, which he joined in 1973, retiring in 2013. He has undertaken archaeological research in Polynesia and Island Southeast Asia and is currently involved in projects in Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. His most recent books include The Global Prehistory of Human Migration (edited, Wiley Blackwell, 2015), First Migrants (Wiley Blackwell, 2013), Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (3rd edition, 2007), First Farmers (Wiley Blackwell, 2005), and Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History (co-edited, 2005). Peter Bellwood is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.

Klappentext
"In First Islanders, Peter Bellwood -without doubt the leading authority on the archaeology and prehistory of Island Southeast Asia- offers up an engaging synthesis of the grand sweep of human history in this island world, from the arrival of early hominins one million years ago, through the development of agriculture and the Austronesian expansion, up to the early Metal Age. Bellwood brings the fascinating prehistory of this vast region to life as no other archaeologist can. First Islanders belongs on the bookshelf of every scholar of world prehistory." Patrick V. Kirch University of California Berkeley In First Islanders, renowned scholar Peter Bellwood incorporates key research findings from the past 20 years to examine the human prehistory of Island Southeast Asia (Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, East Malaysia). This fascinating story is explored from a broad swathe of multidisciplinary perspectives, with special reference to the human migrations that have occurred within the archipelago since the arrival of Homo erectus in Java more than 1 million years ago. The text pays particular attention to several major episodes of migration, including those of ancient hominins (Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis), the subsequent arrival of Homo sapiens over 50,000 years ago, and the eventual spread of Austronesian-speaking agricultural populations from southern China through Taiwan between 5000 and 3000 years ago. Drawing on research from archaeology, genetics, biological anthropology, and linguistics, Bellwood's study and exploration of Island Southeast Asia provides illuminating insights into how humans in the deep past dealt with both terrestrial and maritime migration throughout the period dating from 1.5 million years ago to the development of the Indic kingdoms during the first millennium CE. Alongside Bellwood's experienced and respected voice, 12 concise and enlightening contributions by leading scholars are introduced throughout to complement and further enrich this important work for scholars, students, and the interested reader. First Islanders builds on Bellwood's previous publication Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago (3rd edition, 2007).

Inhalt
List of Figures and Plates xii Invited Contributors xv Acknowledgments xvi 1 Introducing First Islanders 1 This Book 3 A Note on Dating Terminology 7 A Note on Archaeological Terminology 7 Pronunciation and Place-names 9 Notes 9 References 10 2 Island Southeast Asia as a Canvas for Human Migration 11 The Shelves and Basins 12 Sundaland 15 Wallacea 15 Sahul 16 The Island Southeast Asian Environment 16 Climate 16 Landforms and Soils 18 The Floras of Island Southeast Asia 20 Faunal and Biogeographical Boundaries 21 The Cyclical Changes of the Pleistocene 22 The Pleistocene Epoch: Definition and Chronology 22 The Cycles of Glacials and Interglacials 23 World Sea Level Changes During the Pleistocene 23 The Consequences of Mid-latitude Glaciation 27 Notes 30 References 30 3 Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis: Archaic Hominins in Island Southeast Asia 34 Hominin Antecedents in Africa and Asia 35 Homo erectus in Java 38 Java - Pleistocene Mammals and Stratigraphy 39 Sangiran 41 Ngandong 43 When Did Hominins Arrive in Java? 44 The Evolution of Javan Homo erectus 46 An Invited Perspective by Colin Groves 46 The Dating of the Javan Hominins 47 The Homo erectus Cranium 49 The Homo erectus Mandible 50 Homo erectus Teeth 50 Homo erectus Postcranial Material 51 Evolution within Javan Homo erectus 52 The Philippines, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara: Pleistocene Mammals and Stratigraphy 53 The Philippines 54 Sulawesi 54 Flores and Nusa Tenggara 55 Homo floresiensis (and Homo erectus?) in Flores 58 The Enigma of Homo floresiensis 60 An Invited Perspective by Debbie Argue 60 The Homo floresiensis Controversy 62 Was Homo floresiensis a Dwarfed Homo erectus? 64 Was Homo floresiensis Descended from a Separate Early Hominin Lineage? 64 Cultural Evidence Related to Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis 65 Java and the Tools of Homo erectus 67 Flores and the Tools of Homo floresiensis 71 Retrospect 74 Notes 75 References 76 4 The Biological History of Homo sapiens in Island Southeast Asia 86 The First Homo sapiens in Southeast Asia 89 Early to Middle Holocene Skeletal Data from Island Southeast Asia 93 The Biological Arrival of an Asian Neolithic Population in Island Southeast Asia 94 The Significance of Skin Pigmentation in Equatorial Latitudes 97 The Biological History of Southeast Asian Populations from Late Pleistocene and Holocene Cemetery Data 98 An Invited Perspective by Hirofumi Matsumura, Marc Oxenham, Truman Simanjuntak, and Mariko Yamagata 98 Craniometric Analysis 99 Early Indigenous Hunter-gatherers 99 Neolithic Dispersal in Mainland Southeast Asia 103 Neolithic Dispersal in Island Southeast Asia 104 Conclusions 106 The Genetic History of Human Populations in Island Southeast Asia During the Late Pleistocene and Holocene 107 An Invited Perspective by Murray Cox 107 The Population History of Island Southeast Asia 117 Notes 119 References 120 5 Late Paleolithic Archaeology in Island Southeast Asia 131 Mainland Southeast Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra: The Hoabinhian and Its Successors 134 Hoabinhian into Para-Neolithic in Mainland Southeast Asia 134 The Hoabinhian of Sumatra 138 Beyond Sumatra - the Late Palaeolithic in the Islands of Southeast Asia 139 The Niah Caves, Sarawak 141 Eastern Sabah 143 Eastern and Central Kalimantan 147 Java 150 The Philippines 151 Sulawesi and the Talaud Islands 153 The Toalian of South Sulawesi - a Localized Revolution in Small Tool Technology 155 The Northern Moluccas 159 Eastern Nusa Tenggara and Timor-Leste 162 Changing Patterns in Hunting Across Island Southeast Asia Before the Neolithic 165 An Invited Perspective by Philip J. Piper 165 The Late Pleistocene (45-14 kya) 165 Terminal Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene (14-4.5 kya) 167 Some Final Thoughts on Homo sapiens and the Late Palaeolithic in Island Southeast Asia 170 Notes 171 References 172 6 The Early History of the Austronesian Language Family in Island Southeast Asia 181 What is a Language Family, and Why are Language Families Important? 185 An Introduction to Austronesian Linguistic History 187 The Linguistic History of Austronesian-speaking Communities in Island Southeast Asia 190 An Invited Perspective by Robert Blust 190 Further Questions of Austronesian Linguistic History 197 Before Taiwan: The Antecedents of Proto-Austronesian 197 How Did the Austronesian Languages Spread Initially throughout Island Southeast Asia? 200 Directionality and Relative Chronology in the Early Austronesian Migration Process 201 The Material Culture and Economy of the Early Austronesians 204 The Austronesian Diaspora: A Perspective from Indonesia 207 An Invited Perspecti…

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