Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics

Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics

Format:
E-Book (EPUB)
EAN:
9781119964773
Untertitel:
Examining and Interpreting Forensic Evidence
Genre:
Medizin
Autor:
Brian J. Heard
Herausgeber:
Wiley
Auflage:
2. Aufl.
Anzahl Seiten:
416
Erscheinungsdatum:
17.08.2011
ISBN:
978-1-119-96477-3

The updated second edition of Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics includes recent developed analytical techniques and methodologies with a more comprehensive glossary, additional material, and new case studies. With a new chapter on the determination of bullet caliber via x-ray photography, this edition includes revised material on muzzle attachments, proof marks, non-toxic bullets, and gunshot residues. Essential reading for forensic scientists, firearms examiners, defense and prosecution practitioners, the judiciary, and police force, this book is also a helpful reference guide for undergraduate and graduate forensic science students.

Autorentext
Brian Heard began his career as an examiner in firearms and ballistics with the Metropolitan Police Forensics Firearms Laboratory at New Scotland Yard, London, UK. He rose to the level of Deputy Head of the Laboratory before joining the Royal Hong Kong Police as a ballistics officer. He is currently the officer in charge of the Ballistics and Firearms Identification Bureau for the Royal Hong Kong Police. He appears regularly in court as an expert witness in cases involving firearms, ammunition, tools and toolmarks, and has undertaken the research, development and implementation of improved techniques for the collection, examination and interpretation of gunshot residue particles via a scanning electron microscope. He also lectures to police training establishments and related organisations on all aspects of forensic ballistics, forensic firearms and toolmark examinations, gunshot residue analysis and the use of these techniques in criminal investigations.

Klappentext
Does the gunshot residue reveal how far from the target a weapon was fired? Is there any trace evidence to prove the accused handled a specific firearm? What is the likely behaviour of a ricocheting bullet? Do the marks on a bullet prove categorically that it was fired from a particular weapon? These are all issues (amongst others) that the fully revised and updated Second Edition of Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics: Examining and Interpreting Forensic Evidence covers in a clear and accessible manner. The book will be essential reading for all forensic scientists specializing in this subject, firearms examiners, defence and prosecution practitioners, the judiciary, police forces and all those involved in this field. The Second Edition takes into account the most important new analytical techniques and methodologies that have now been implemented in the field. Fully revised and updated throughout, the book now includes a more comprehensive glossary, new case study material including the Jill Dando murder enquiry and a new chapter on the determination of bullet calibre via X-ray photography Completely revised and updated Second Edition of this successful book. Updated material on proof marks, muzzle attachments, non toxic bullets, GSR particles and SEM sampling. New case study material including the Jill Dando murder enquiry as a key example for reporting on GSR cases. New chapter on the determination of bullet calibre via X-ray photography. Now includes an updated and more comprehensive glossary to enhance understanding of the subject.

Zusammenfassung
The updated second edition of Handbook of Firearms and Ballistics includes recent developed analytical techniques and methodologies with a more comprehensive glossary, additional material, and new case studies. With a new chapter on the determination of bullet caliber via x-ray photography, this edition includes revised material on muzzle attachments, proof marks, non-toxic bullets, and gunshot residues. Essential reading for forensic scientists, firearms examiners, defense and prosecution practitioners, the judiciary, and police force, this book is also a helpful reference guide for undergraduate and graduate forensic science students.

Inhalt
Developments in Forensic Science ix Acknowledgements xi Foreword xiii 1 Firearms 1 1.1 A Brief History of Firearms 1 1.2 Weapon Types and Their Operation 19 1.3 Proof Marks 32 2 Ammunition 43 2.1 A Brief History of Ammunition 43 2.2 Ammunition Components 48 2.3 Non-toxic Shot 77 2.4 A Brief History of Propellants 80 2.5 Priming Compounds and Primers 86 2.6 Headstamp Markings on Ammunition 94 3 Ballistics 101 3.1 Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics 101 3.2 Internal Ballistics 102 3.3 External Ballistics 109 3.4 Terminal Ballistics 124 4 Forensic Firearms Examination 145 4.1 A Brief History of Forensic Firearms Identifi cation 145 4.2 Rifl ing Types and Their Identifi cation 154 4.3 Fluted, Annular Ringed, Helical, Perforated and Oversized Chambers 166 4.4 Basic Concepts of Striation Matching 170 4.5 Basic Methodology Used in Comparison Microscopy 182 4.6 Mathematical Proof of Striation Matches 186 4.7 Accidental Discharge 191 4.8 Identifi cation of Calibre from the Bullet Entry Hole 197 4.9 Ricochet Analysis 200 4.10 Bullet Penetration and Trajectory through Glass 204 5 Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Hole Examinations 211 5.1 Introduction 211 5.2 The Use of X-ray Photography 212 5.3 Range of Firing Estimations for Pistols and Rifl es 219 5.4 Chemical Tests for Range of Firing Estimations and Bullet Entry/Exit Hole Identifi cation 227 5.5 Range of Firing Estimations for Shotguns 233 6 Gunshot Residue Examination 241 6.1 Introduction 241 6.2 Formation of Discharge Residue 241 6.3 Distribution of GSR Particles 242 6.4 Identifi cation of GSR Particles 243 6.5 The Use of the SEM for GSR Detection 247 6.6 Sample Collection 248 6.7 GSR Retention 251 6.8 Conservation of GSR Particles on the Hands 251 6.9 GSR Distribution on the Hands 252 6.10 Identifi cation of Type of Ammunition, Country of Origin from GSR Analysis 255 6.11 Environmental Contaminants 256 6.12 Sources of Elements Commonly Found in Lead-Based GSRs 257 6.13 Extending the Recovery Period for GSR 259 7 Gun-Handling Tests 271 7.1 Introduction 271 7.2 Methodology for Ferrozine Use 274 7.3 Case Notes 275 8 Restoration of Erased Numbers 277 8.1 Introduction 277 8.2 Methods Used for Removal of Serial Numbers 277 8.3 Theory behind Number Restoration 278 8.4 Non-recoverable Methods of Number Removal 279 8.5 Practice of Number Restoration 280 8.6 Chemical Methods of Restoration 280 8.7 Reagents Used for Various Metals 281 8.8 Electrolytic Methods of Restoration 283 8.9 Reagents Used 283 8.10 Ultrasonic Cavitation for Restoration 284 8.11 Magnetic Particle Method for Restoration 284 8.12 Other Methods of Restoration 285 8.13 Laser-Etched Serial Numbers and Bar Codes and Their Restoration 286 9 Qualifying the Expert and Cross-Examination Questions 291 9.1 Introduction 291 9.2 General Background Questions 293 9.3 Comparison Microscopy 294 9.4 GSRs 297 9.5 Ferrozine Test 300 9.6 Standard of Review: 'Daubert Trilogy' 300 10 Classifi cation of Firearm-Related Death 305 10.1 Multiple-Shot Suicides 307 References 309 11 Glossary 311 Appendix 1 Important dates in the History of Firearms from 1247 333 Appendix 2 GSR results for Chinese and USSR ammunition 341 Appendix 3 Primer content of some cartridge-operated nail guns 345 Appen...


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