Crystal Growth Technology

In this book top experts treat general thermodynamic aspects of crystal fabrication; numerical simulation of industrial growth processes; commercial production of bulk silicon, compound semiconductors, scintillation and oxide crystals; X-ray characterization; and crystal machining. Also, the role of crystal technology for renewable energy and for saving energy is discussed. It will be useful for scientists and engineers involved in crystal and epilayer fabrication as well as for teachers and graduate students in material science, chemical and metallurgical engineering, and micro- and optoelectronics, including nanotechnology.

Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible and highly interrelated network of connections along which reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also quite problematic objects in knowledge representation.This book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. Moreover,it provides a unifying and enhanced framework for knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief revision,and even for knowledge discovery.

Autorentext
Professor Hans J. Scheel started the Scheel Consulting company in 2001 after retiring from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Starting out with a chemical background, he has more than 40 years of experience with crystal growth and epitaxy in university as well as industry. For his achievements in bulk crystal growth and epitaxy technologies, he received awards from IBM and from Swiss, British, Korean Crystal Growth Associations, was elected member of the Russian Academy of Engineering Sciences, and received his D.Sc. from Tohoku University, Japan. He is co-author and editor of 6 books, author of more than 100 publications and patents, has organized international workshops on crystal technology and has been visiting professor at Osaka and Tohoku Universities, Japan, as well as Shandong University, China. Dr. Peter Capper is a Materials Team Leader at SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems Infrared Ltd (formerly BAE Systems), and has over 30 years of experience in the infrared material Cadmium Mercury Telluride (CMT). He holds the patent for the application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique to CMT growth and is recognised as a world authority on CMT. He has written and edited 6 books on electronic materials and devices. He has served on several International Advisory boards to conferences, acted as co-Chair at an E-MRS Symposium and a SPIE Symposium and has edited several conference proceedings for J. Crystal Growth and J. Materials Science. He is also currently on the editorial board of the Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics.

Klappentext
Capturing the essence of current trends, markets, design tools and technologies in this key field, the internationally acclaimed expert editor has put together a handy reference tailor-made for readers facing the threshold challenges between research and industrial applications.

Inhalt
GENERAL ASPECTS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH TECHNOLOGY Equilibrium thermodynamics and phase diagrams in crystal production processes Equilibrium thermodynamics fundamentals of crystal production processes Thermodynamics, origin and characterisation of defects Thermophysical properties of crystal growth melts SIMULATION OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH PROCESSES Thermal modeling and experimental studies for the development of the industrial growth of compound semiconductors by the vertical gradient freeze technique Modelling of Czochralski growth of large Si crystals in industrial systems with and without magnetic fields Global analysis of effects of magnetic field configuration on melt-crystal interface shape and melt flow in CZ-Si crystal growth Modelling analysis of VCz growth of GaAs bulk crystals and other low-gradient crystal pulling COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS GaAs growth technology Diameter control and interface shape stability in Czochralski Growth Use of forced mixing via the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT) in the Bridgman growth of cadmium mercury telluride (CMT) Ga1-xInxSb single crystal growth using the vertical Bridgman technique with accelerated crucible rotation X-ray characterisation of industrial crystals SCINTILLATOR CRYSTALS Continuous growth of large halide scintillation crystals OXIDES Growth of langasite-type crystals and their device properties Flame-fusion (Verneuil) growth of oxides CRYSTAL GROWTH FOR SUSTAINING ENERGY Crystal growth technology (CGT) for energy: saving energy and renewable energy CRYSTAL MACHINING Crystal sawing technology Plasma chemical vaporization machining and elastic emission machining

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